ParkinsonCanadaV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000715

Genetic markers of Restless Legs Syndrome in Parkinson Disease

Identifieur interne : 000715 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000714; suivant : 000716

Genetic markers of Restless Legs Syndrome in Parkinson Disease

Auteurs : Ziv Gan-Or [Canada] ; Roy N. Alcalay [États-Unis] ; Anat Bar-Shira [Israël] ; Claire S. Leblond [Canada] ; Ron B. Postuma [Canada] ; Shay Ben-Shachar [Israël] ; Cheryl Waters [États-Unis] ; Amelie Johnson [Canada] ; Oren Levy [États-Unis] ; Anat Mirelman [Israël] ; Mali Gana-Weisz [Israël] ; Nicolas Dupre [Canada] ; Jaques Montplaisir [Canada] ; Nir Giladi [Israël] ; Stanley Fahn [États-Unis] ; Lan Xiong [Canada] ; Patrick A. Dion [Canada] ; Avi Orr-Urtreger [Israël] ; Guy A. Rouleau [Canada]

Source :

Parkinsonism & related disorders [ 1353-8020 ] ; 2015.

RBID : PMC:4441838

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Female, Genetic Markers (genetics), Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Homeodomain Proteins (genetics), Humans, MAP Kinase Kinase 5 (genetics), Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Proteins (genetics), Parkinson Disease (genetics), Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2 (genetics), Restless Legs Syndrome (genetics), Risk Factors, Transcription Factors (genetics).
MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Genetic Markers, Homeodomain Proteins, MAP Kinase Kinase 5, Neoplasm Proteins, Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2, Transcription Factors.
- genetics : Parkinson Disease, Restless Legs Syndrome.
- Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Factors.

Abstract

Introduction

Several studies proposed that Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and Parkinson disease (PD) may be clinically and/or etiologically related. To examine this hypothesis, we aimed to determine whether the known RLS genetic markers may be associated with PD risk, as well as with PD subtype.

Methods

Two case-control cohorts from Tel-Aviv and New-York, including 1,133 PD patients and 867 controls were genotyped for four RLS-related SNPs in the genes MEIS1, BTBD9, PTPRD and MAP2K5/SKOR1. The association between genotype, PD risk and phenotype was tested using multivariate regression models.

Results

None of the tested SNPs was significantly associated with PD risk, neither in any individual cohort nor in the combined analysis after correction for multiple comparisons. The MAP2K5/SKOR1 marker rs12593813 was associated with higher frequency of tremor in the Tel-Aviv cohort (61.0% vs. 46.5%, p=0.001, dominant model). However, the risk allele for tremor in this gene has been associated with reduced RLS risk. Moreover, this association did not replicate in Tremor-dominant PD patients from New-York.

Conclusion

RLS genetic risk markers are not associated with increased PD risk or subtype in the current study. Together with previous genetic, neuropathological and epidemiologic studies, our results further strengthen the notion that RLS and PD are likely to be distinct entities.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4441838

DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.03.010
PubMed: 25817513
PubMed Central: 4441838

Affiliations:

Le document en format XML

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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Postuma, Ron B" sort="Postuma, Ron B" uniqKey="Postuma R" first="Ron B." last="Postuma">Ron B. Postuma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Neurology, Montreal General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Montreal General Hospital, Montréal, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ben Shachar, Shay" sort="Ben Shachar, Shay" uniqKey="Ben Shachar S" first="Shay" last="Ben-Shachar">Shay Ben-Shachar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">The Genetic Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Genetic Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tel-Aviv</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waters, Cheryl" sort="Waters, Cheryl" uniqKey="Waters C" first="Cheryl" last="Waters">Cheryl Waters</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Amelie" sort="Johnson, Amelie" uniqKey="Johnson A" first="Amelie" last="Johnson">Amelie Johnson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Research Centre, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Research Centre, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levy, Oren" sort="Levy, Oren" uniqKey="Levy O" first="Oren" last="Levy">Oren Levy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mirelman, Anat" sort="Mirelman, Anat" uniqKey="Mirelman A" first="Anat" last="Mirelman">Anat Mirelman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tel-Aviv</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gana Weisz, Mali" sort="Gana Weisz, Mali" uniqKey="Gana Weisz M" first="Mali" last="Gana-Weisz">Mali Gana-Weisz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">The Genetic Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Genetic Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tel-Aviv</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dupre, Nicolas" sort="Dupre, Nicolas" uniqKey="Dupre N" first="Nicolas" last="Dupre">Nicolas Dupre</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8">Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, CHU de Québec (Enfant-Jésus), Québec , QC, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, CHU de Québec (Enfant-Jésus), Québec , QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montplaisir, Jaques" sort="Montplaisir, Jaques" uniqKey="Montplaisir J" first="Jaques" last="Montplaisir">Jaques Montplaisir</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre d’Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre d’Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal , QC, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal , QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giladi, Nir" sort="Giladi, Nir" uniqKey="Giladi N" first="Nir" last="Giladi">Nir Giladi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tel-Aviv</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tel-Aviv</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fahn, Stanley" sort="Fahn, Stanley" uniqKey="Fahn S" first="Stanley" last="Fahn">Stanley Fahn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiong, Lan" sort="Xiong, Lan" uniqKey="Xiong L" first="Lan" last="Xiong">Lan Xiong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Research Centre, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Research Centre, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal , QC, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal , QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal , QC, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal , QC</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université McGill</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement>
<region type="state">Québec</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dion, Patrick A" sort="Dion, Patrick A" uniqKey="Dion P" first="Patrick A." last="Dion">Patrick A. Dion</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A1">Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université McGill</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement>
<region type="state">Québec</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal , QC, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal , QC</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université McGill</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement>
<region type="state">Québec</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Orr Urtreger, Avi" sort="Orr Urtreger, Avi" uniqKey="Orr Urtreger A" first="Avi" last="Orr-Urtreger">Avi Orr-Urtreger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">The Genetic Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Genetic Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tel-Aviv</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tel-Aviv</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rouleau, Guy A" sort="Rouleau, Guy A" uniqKey="Rouleau G" first="Guy A." last="Rouleau">Guy A. Rouleau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A1">Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université McGill</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement>
<region type="state">Québec</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal , QC, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal , QC</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université McGill</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement>
<region type="state">Québec</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Parkinsonism & related disorders</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1353-8020</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1873-5126</idno>
<imprint><date when="2015">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Case-Control Studies</term>
<term>Cohort Studies</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Genetic Markers (genetics)</term>
<term>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</term>
<term>Homeodomain Proteins (genetics)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>MAP Kinase Kinase 5 (genetics)</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Neoplasm Proteins (genetics)</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease (genetics)</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term>
<term>Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2 (genetics)</term>
<term>Restless Legs Syndrome (genetics)</term>
<term>Risk Factors</term>
<term>Transcription Factors (genetics)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Genetic Markers</term>
<term>Homeodomain Proteins</term>
<term>MAP Kinase Kinase 5</term>
<term>Neoplasm Proteins</term>
<term>Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2</term>
<term>Transcription Factors</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Parkinson Disease</term>
<term>Restless Legs Syndrome</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Case-Control Studies</term>
<term>Cohort Studies</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term>
<term>Risk Factors</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Introduction</title>
<p id="P1">Several studies proposed that Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and Parkinson disease (PD) may be clinically and/or etiologically related. To examine this hypothesis, we aimed to determine whether the known RLS genetic markers may be associated with PD risk, as well as with PD subtype.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">Two case-control cohorts from Tel-Aviv and New-York, including 1,133 PD patients and 867 controls were genotyped for four RLS-related SNPs in the genes <italic>MEIS1</italic>
, <italic>BTBD9</italic>
, <italic>PTPRD</italic>
 and <italic>MAP2K5/SKOR1</italic>
. The association between genotype, PD risk and phenotype was tested using multivariate regression models.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">None of the tested SNPs was significantly associated with PD risk, neither in any individual cohort nor in the combined analysis after correction for multiple comparisons. The <italic>MAP2K5/SKOR1</italic>
 marker rs12593813 was associated with higher frequency of tremor in the Tel-Aviv cohort (61.0% vs. 46.5%, p=0.001, dominant model). However, the risk allele for tremor in this gene has been associated with reduced RLS risk. Moreover, this association did not replicate in Tremor-dominant PD patients from New-York.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p id="P4">RLS genetic risk markers are not associated with increased PD risk or subtype in the current study. Together with previous genetic, neuropathological and epidemiologic studies, our results further strengthen the notion that RLS and PD are likely to be distinct entities.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li>
<li>Israël</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Québec</li>
<li>État de New York</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Montréal</li>
<li>New York</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université Columbia</li>
<li>Université McGill</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="Canada"><region name="Québec"><name sortKey="Gan Or, Ziv" sort="Gan Or, Ziv" uniqKey="Gan Or Z" first="Ziv" last="Gan-Or">Ziv Gan-Or</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Dion, Patrick A" sort="Dion, Patrick A" uniqKey="Dion P" first="Patrick A." last="Dion">Patrick A. Dion</name>
<name sortKey="Dion, Patrick A" sort="Dion, Patrick A" uniqKey="Dion P" first="Patrick A." last="Dion">Patrick A. Dion</name>
<name sortKey="Dupre, Nicolas" sort="Dupre, Nicolas" uniqKey="Dupre N" first="Nicolas" last="Dupre">Nicolas Dupre</name>
<name sortKey="Gan Or, Ziv" sort="Gan Or, Ziv" uniqKey="Gan Or Z" first="Ziv" last="Gan-Or">Ziv Gan-Or</name>
<name sortKey="Johnson, Amelie" sort="Johnson, Amelie" uniqKey="Johnson A" first="Amelie" last="Johnson">Amelie Johnson</name>
<name sortKey="Leblond, Claire S" sort="Leblond, Claire S" uniqKey="Leblond C" first="Claire S." last="Leblond">Claire S. Leblond</name>
<name sortKey="Leblond, Claire S" sort="Leblond, Claire S" uniqKey="Leblond C" first="Claire S." last="Leblond">Claire S. Leblond</name>
<name sortKey="Montplaisir, Jaques" sort="Montplaisir, Jaques" uniqKey="Montplaisir J" first="Jaques" last="Montplaisir">Jaques Montplaisir</name>
<name sortKey="Montplaisir, Jaques" sort="Montplaisir, Jaques" uniqKey="Montplaisir J" first="Jaques" last="Montplaisir">Jaques Montplaisir</name>
<name sortKey="Postuma, Ron B" sort="Postuma, Ron B" uniqKey="Postuma R" first="Ron B." last="Postuma">Ron B. Postuma</name>
<name sortKey="Rouleau, Guy A" sort="Rouleau, Guy A" uniqKey="Rouleau G" first="Guy A." last="Rouleau">Guy A. Rouleau</name>
<name sortKey="Rouleau, Guy A" sort="Rouleau, Guy A" uniqKey="Rouleau G" first="Guy A." last="Rouleau">Guy A. Rouleau</name>
<name sortKey="Xiong, Lan" sort="Xiong, Lan" uniqKey="Xiong L" first="Lan" last="Xiong">Lan Xiong</name>
<name sortKey="Xiong, Lan" sort="Xiong, Lan" uniqKey="Xiong L" first="Lan" last="Xiong">Lan Xiong</name>
<name sortKey="Xiong, Lan" sort="Xiong, Lan" uniqKey="Xiong L" first="Lan" last="Xiong">Lan Xiong</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="État de New York"><name sortKey="Alcalay, Roy N" sort="Alcalay, Roy N" uniqKey="Alcalay R" first="Roy N." last="Alcalay">Roy N. Alcalay</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Fahn, Stanley" sort="Fahn, Stanley" uniqKey="Fahn S" first="Stanley" last="Fahn">Stanley Fahn</name>
<name sortKey="Levy, Oren" sort="Levy, Oren" uniqKey="Levy O" first="Oren" last="Levy">Oren Levy</name>
<name sortKey="Waters, Cheryl" sort="Waters, Cheryl" uniqKey="Waters C" first="Cheryl" last="Waters">Cheryl Waters</name>
</country>
<country name="Israël"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bar Shira, Anat" sort="Bar Shira, Anat" uniqKey="Bar Shira A" first="Anat" last="Bar-Shira">Anat Bar-Shira</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Ben Shachar, Shay" sort="Ben Shachar, Shay" uniqKey="Ben Shachar S" first="Shay" last="Ben-Shachar">Shay Ben-Shachar</name>
<name sortKey="Gana Weisz, Mali" sort="Gana Weisz, Mali" uniqKey="Gana Weisz M" first="Mali" last="Gana-Weisz">Mali Gana-Weisz</name>
<name sortKey="Giladi, Nir" sort="Giladi, Nir" uniqKey="Giladi N" first="Nir" last="Giladi">Nir Giladi</name>
<name sortKey="Giladi, Nir" sort="Giladi, Nir" uniqKey="Giladi N" first="Nir" last="Giladi">Nir Giladi</name>
<name sortKey="Mirelman, Anat" sort="Mirelman, Anat" uniqKey="Mirelman A" first="Anat" last="Mirelman">Anat Mirelman</name>
<name sortKey="Orr Urtreger, Avi" sort="Orr Urtreger, Avi" uniqKey="Orr Urtreger A" first="Avi" last="Orr-Urtreger">Avi Orr-Urtreger</name>
<name sortKey="Orr Urtreger, Avi" sort="Orr Urtreger, Avi" uniqKey="Orr Urtreger A" first="Avi" last="Orr-Urtreger">Avi Orr-Urtreger</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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La maladie de Parkinson au Canada (serveur d'exploration)

Genetic markers of Restless Legs Syndrome in Parkinson Disease

Genetic markers of Restless Legs Syndrome in Parkinson Disease

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	La maladie de Parkinson au Canada (serveur d'exploration)
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